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近(jin)日，國(guo)家(jia)發展(zhan)改革委(wei)辦公廳印發了(le)《關于推廣支持農民工等人員返(fan)(fan)鄉創業試(shi)(shi)(shi)點(dian)經驗的(de)通(tong)知》（以下簡稱《通(tong)知》），文中表示，試(shi)(shi)(shi)點(dian)開展(zhan)以來，我委(wei)大力整合相關政策、項目和市場資源，深入基(ji)層(ceng)狠(hen)抓落實落地(di)(di)，各試(shi)(shi)(shi)點(dian)地(di)(di)區積極(ji)探(tan)索適合自身的(de)返(fan)(fan)鄉創業發展(zhan)路徑，形成了(le)多層(ceng)次(ci)多樣化高質(zhi)量的(de)返(fan)(fan)鄉創業發展(zhan)格(ge)局，對帶(dai)動就地(di)(di)就近(jin)就業、繁榮鄉村(cun)產業、促進鄉村(cun)振(zhen)興(xing)起到了(le)巨大的(de)推動作用。
《通(tong)知》總結了3個大的方向，共(gong)包括9點具體經驗(yan)。一是(shi)引(yin)進培育發展(zhan)返鄉(xiang)創業產業集(ji)群，二是(shi)強化返鄉(xiang)創業平臺支撐，三(san)是(shi)著力解(jie)決“痛點”“難點”問題。
原文如下：
各省、自治(zhi)區、直轄市、新(xin)疆生產建設兵團發展改革(ge)委：
為(wei)貫(guan)徹落(luo)實《關(guan)于支持農民工(gong)等人員返(fan)鄉(xiang)創(chuang)(chuang)業(ye)(ye)的(de)意見》（國辦發(fa)(fa)〔2015〕47號），2015年以來，國家發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)改革委會同(tong)有(you)關(guan)部門(men)分三批(pi)組(zu)織341個返(fan)鄉(xiang)創(chuang)(chuang)業(ye)(ye)試(shi)點(dian)(dian)縣（市(shi)、區(qu)）開展(zhan)支持農民工(gong)等人員返(fan)鄉(xiang)創(chuang)(chuang)業(ye)(ye)試(shi)點(dian)(dian)工(gong)作。試(shi)點(dian)(dian)開展(zhan)以來，我委大力整合相(xiang)關(guan)政策、項目和市(shi)場資源，深入(ru)基層狠(hen)抓落(luo)實落(luo)地(di)，各試(shi)點(dian)(dian)地(di)區(qu)積極(ji)探索適合自身的(de)返(fan)鄉(xiang)創(chuang)(chuang)業(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)路徑，形成(cheng)了多層次多樣化(hua)高質量的(de)返(fan)鄉(xiang)創(chuang)(chuang)業(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)格局，對帶動(dong)就地(di)就近就業(ye)(ye)、繁榮(rong)鄉(xiang)村產業(ye)(ye)、促(cu)進(jin)(jin)鄉(xiang)村振興起(qi)到(dao)了巨大的(de)推動(dong)作用(yong)。為(wei)進(jin)(jin)一步放(fang)大試(shi)點(dian)(dian)示范(fan)效應(ying)，現將試(shi)點(dian)(dian)典型經(jing)驗予以推廣(guang)。
一、引進培育發展返鄉創業產業集群
結合當(dang)地經(jing)濟發展(zhan)實際，依托用好(hao)各類資(zi)源，引進培育發展(zhan)了一批拉動就業(ye)(ye)能力強、增收(shou)效(xiao)果顯著的(de)(de)縣(xian)鄉特(te)色產業(ye)(ye)集群，如江西省德興市的(de)(de)遮陽(yang)產業(ye)(ye)、貴(gui)州省正(zheng)安縣(xian)的(de)(de)吉他產業(ye)(ye)、河南(nan)省汝州市的(de)(de)機繡紡織(zhi)產業(ye)(ye)等(deng)等(deng)。
（一(yi)(yi)）充(chong)分(fen)利用本(ben)地(di)要素稟(bing)賦(fu)。引導返鄉創(chuang)(chuang)業(ye)(ye)與本(ben)地(di)特色(se)資源、區(qu)位條件、產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)基礎等相結合，大力(li)發展(zhan)(zhan)具(ju)(ju)有比較優(you)勢(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)，是各地(di)行之有效、值得推廣的(de)(de)成功經驗。安徽省憑借鄰近長三角的(de)(de)區(qu)位優(you)勢(shi)(shi)，通過引導返鄉創(chuang)(chuang)業(ye)(ye)積(ji)極(ji)承接(jie)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)轉移，望江(jiang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)大力(li)發展(zhan)(zhan)服裝產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)，潛(qian)山縣(xian)(xian)(xian)集中發展(zhan)(zhan)制刷產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)，無為縣(xian)(xian)(xian)積(ji)極(ji)發展(zhan)(zhan)電線電纜產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)。重慶市充(chong)分(fen)利用各試(shi)點區(qu)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)資源稟(bing)賦(fu)和(he)交通優(you)勢(shi)(shi)，統(tong)一(yi)(yi)規(gui)劃，發展(zhan)(zhan)各具(ju)(ju)特色(se)的(de)(de)返鄉創(chuang)(chuang)業(ye)(ye)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)集群(qun)，如永川(chuan)區(qu)的(de)(de)現代農業(ye)(ye)、開州(zhou)區(qu)的(de)(de)電子輕紡、綦江(jiang)區(qu)的(de)(de)機械制造、墊江(jiang)區(qu)的(de)(de)電商物流。江(jiang)西(xi)省實施“一(yi)(yi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)一(yi)(yi)品”戰略，立(li)足原有的(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)基礎，南康縣(xian)(xian)(xian)集中發展(zhan)(zhan)家具(ju)(ju)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)，新(xin)干縣(xian)(xian)(xian)著力(li)發展(zhan)(zhan)箱(xiang)包皮具(ju)(ju)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)，德(de)興市創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)發展(zhan)(zhan)遮陽產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)。
（二(er)）加大(da)招(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)商(shang)(shang)引(yin)(yin)資(zi)力(li)度。以(yi)鄉(xiang)(xiang)情、鄉(xiang)(xiang)愁為紐帶，以(yi)龍(long)頭(tou)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)、領(ling)軍人(ren)才(cai)為支撐，堅(jian)持精準招(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)商(shang)(shang)，抓好以(yi)商(shang)(shang)招(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)商(shang)(shang)，開展(zhan)全產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)鏈招(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)商(shang)(shang)，引(yin)(yin)導(dao)返(fan)鄉(xiang)(xiang)人(ren)員抱團發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)、集群(qun)創業(ye)(ye)(ye)。貴州省正(zheng)安縣緊盯(ding)大(da)量在外(wai)務工正(zheng)安籍吉(ji)(ji)(ji)他(ta)制造(zao)業(ye)(ye)(ye)人(ren)才(cai)這一資(zi)源，組織工作隊遠赴廣東(dong)等地(di)開展(zhan)招(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)商(shang)(shang)，在招(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)才(cai)引(yin)(yin)智中主打“鄉(xiang)(xiang)情牌(pai)”，引(yin)(yin)導(dao)鼓勵吉(ji)(ji)(ji)他(ta)制造(zao)技術人(ren)才(cai)返(fan)鄉(xiang)(xiang)創業(ye)(ye)(ye)，隨后(hou)又通過以(yi)商(shang)(shang)招(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)商(shang)(shang)、產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)鏈招(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)商(shang)(shang)，引(yin)(yin)進(jin)了知名(ming)樂器和(he)配套(tao)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)，開啟了“無中生(sheng)(sheng)有”的(de)吉(ji)(ji)(ji)他(ta)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)集聚發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)之路。江西省鷹潭市余江區建立了以(yi)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)為核心的(de)招(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)商(shang)(shang)平臺，依托國際眼(yan)(yan)鏡(jing)(jing)城等返(fan)鄉(xiang)(xiang)創業(ye)(ye)(ye)龍(long)頭(tou)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)市場、技術優勢，吸引(yin)(yin)東(dong)部地(di)區上下游企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)回歸發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)，形成(cheng)了由100多家覆蓋(gai)眼(yan)(yan)鏡(jing)(jing)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)、加工、銷售等全鏈條眼(yan)(yan)鏡(jing)(jing)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)組成(cheng)的(de)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)集群(qun)，成(cheng)為全國四大(da)眼(yan)(yan)鏡(jing)(jing)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)基地(di)之一。江西省貴溪市積極引(yin)(yin)進(jin)和(he)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)市場化中介機構，委托中介機構進(jin)行市場調(diao)查(cha)、項(xiang)(xiang)目洽談，成(cheng)功從(cong)東(dong)莞、深圳等地(di)引(yin)(yin)進(jin)了多家大(da)型企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)項(xiang)(xiang)目入(ru)駐。
（三(san)）大力(li)發展電(dian)(dian)商(shang)(shang)(shang)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。引導(dao)返鄉農民工(gong)等(deng)人員創(chuang)(chuang)新創(chuang)(chuang)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)與(yu)電(dian)(dian)商(shang)(shang)(shang)相結合，改變傳(chuan)統銷(xiao)售模式(shi)，延伸拉長上下游鏈條，促(cu)進優質產(chan)(chan)品銷(xiao)售，推(tui)動(dong)配套(tao)行業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)集(ji)聚協(xie)同(tong)發展，拓展返鄉創(chuang)(chuang)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)空(kong)間。國家發展改革委分別與(yu)阿里巴巴集(ji)團(tuan)、京東集(ji)團(tuan)等(deng)電(dian)(dian)子商(shang)(shang)(shang)務龍頭企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)簽署(shu)戰(zhan)略合作協(xie)議，支持(chi)試(shi)點地(di)(di)區(qu)建(jian)(jian)設電(dian)(dian)商(shang)(shang)(shang)平(ping)臺、物流渠道和營銷(xiao)網絡，解決農產(chan)(chan)品“上行難(nan)”問(wen)題(ti)，帶(dai)動(dong)更多人員返鄉創(chuang)(chuang)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)就業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。湖北省枝江(jiang)市以扶(fu)持(chi)返鄉人員電(dian)(dian)商(shang)(shang)(shang)創(chuang)(chuang)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)為抓手，通過安排專(zhuan)項扶(fu)持(chi)資金、建(jian)(jian)設電(dian)(dian)商(shang)(shang)(shang)孵化(hua)器、開展電(dian)(dian)商(shang)(shang)(shang)培訓、推(tui)進返鄉電(dian)(dian)商(shang)(shang)(shang)創(chuang)(chuang)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)試(shi)點等(deng)舉措，強化(hua)政策支持(chi)，形成了返鄉電(dian)(dian)商(shang)(shang)(shang)創(chuang)(chuang)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的“枝江(jiang)模式(shi)”。江(jiang)蘇(su)省沭陽(yang)縣(xian)大力(li)發展“花木電(dian)(dian)商(shang)(shang)(shang)”，依托沭陽(yang)軟件產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)園(yuan)、蘇(su)奧(ao)電(dian)(dian)商(shang)(shang)(shang)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)園(yuan)以及各類眾創(chuang)(chuang)空(kong)間和孵化(hua)基地(di)(di)，加(jia)強電(dian)(dian)商(shang)(shang)(shang)創(chuang)(chuang)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)載體建(jian)(jian)設，實施(shi)“遠程網店”工(gong)程，建(jian)(jian)立“淘寶·沭陽(yang)直播基地(di)(di)”，在電(dian)(dian)商(shang)(shang)(shang)主流平(ping)臺開設花木專(zhuan)場，構(gou)建(jian)(jian)“縣(xian)有園(yuan)區(qu)、鎮有集(ji)中(zhong)區(qu)、村有網點”的三(san)級(ji)快遞物流體系，每年評(ping)選“十(shi)大誠(cheng)信(xin)花木電(dian)(dian)商(shang)(shang)(shang)”“沭陽(yang)十(shi)大淘寶精英”“沭陽(yang)十(shi)大誠(cheng)信(xin)花木網店”，通過返鄉創(chuang)(chuang)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)做大做強花木產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，引領全縣(xian)鄉村產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)振興。
二、強化返鄉創業平臺支撐
搭(da)建返鄉創業(ye)孵(fu)化基地、返鄉創業(ye)產(chan)業(ye)園等平臺載體，提(ti)供配套服務，降低初創成本，為培育返鄉創業(ye)市場主(zhu)體提(ti)供有力支撐。
（四(si)）打造(zao)專業(ye)化(hua)(hua)返鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)業(ye)孵(fu)(fu)(fu)化(hua)(hua)平(ping)臺(tai)(tai)。依托各類返鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)業(ye)孵(fu)(fu)(fu)化(hua)(hua)平(ping)臺(tai)(tai)，提(ti)供全要素全鏈條的返鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)業(ye)孵(fu)(fu)(fu)化(hua)(hua)服(fu)務，幫助(zhu)返鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)業(ye)企(qi)業(ye)盡(jin)快發展(zhan)壯大(da)。河南(nan)省汝州(zhou)市建立(li)了4個返鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)業(ye)孵(fu)(fu)(fu)化(hua)(hua)基(ji)地(di)，采取眾創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)空間、創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新工場、模擬創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)業(ye)等(deng)模式，初創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)期返鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)業(ye)企(qi)業(ye)可免費入駐。山東省菏澤市牡(mu)丹區建立(li)了6個線上線下一體(ti)、孵(fu)(fu)(fu)化(hua)(hua)與加速一體(ti)的返鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)業(ye)孵(fu)(fu)(fu)化(hua)(hua)基(ji)地(di)，具(ju)有(you)孵(fu)(fu)(fu)化(hua)(hua)、培訓、輔助(zhu)運(yun)營(ying)、物流(liu)配送(song)等(deng)綜(zong)合功能(neng)。湖南(nan)省醴陵市實行(xing)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)業(ye)孵(fu)(fu)(fu)化(hua)(hua)基(ji)地(di)共(gong)建、資(zi)源共(gong)享，構建起“政府(fu)、社會、行(xing)業(ye)企(qi)業(ye)、學校(xiao)”四(si)位(wei)一體(ti)的返鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)業(ye)孵(fu)(fu)(fu)化(hua)(hua)聯動(dong)機制。四(si)川(chuan)省宜賓(bin)市敘州(zhou)區搭建孵(fu)(fu)(fu)化(hua)(hua)物理平(ping)臺(tai)(tai)、服(fu)務平(ping)臺(tai)(tai)、交流(liu)平(ping)臺(tai)(tai)、推(tui)廣平(ping)臺(tai)(tai)等(deng)四(si)大(da)平(ping)臺(tai)(tai)，助(zhu)力種(zhong)子項目落(luo)地(di)生根、新建企(qi)業(ye)穩(wen)定運(yun)營(ying)、成熟企(qi)業(ye)加速發展(zhan)。
（五）建設(she)改造提升返(fan)(fan)鄉創(chuang)(chuang)業(ye)(ye)園。通過建設(she)一(yi)體(ti)化、標準化廠(chang)房(fang)，完善(shan)基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)設(she)施(shi)，實(shi)現企業(ye)(ye)“拎(lin)包入(ru)駐”，降低運(yun)營(ying)成本，促進返(fan)(fan)鄉創(chuang)(chuang)業(ye)(ye)企業(ye)(ye)集群發(fa)展(zhan)。河南省汝(ru)州(zhou)市圍繞發(fa)展(zhan)機繡產業(ye)(ye)，根據返(fan)(fan)鄉人員(yuan)創(chuang)(chuang)業(ye)(ye)和經營(ying)特點(dian)(dian)，建設(she)了占(zhan)地(di)4000余畝的汝(ru)繡農(nong)(nong)民工(gong)返(fan)(fan)鄉創(chuang)(chuang)業(ye)(ye)產業(ye)(ye)園，并實(shi)行三年免租(zu)金(jin)政策，為(wei)返(fan)(fan)鄉創(chuang)(chuang)業(ye)(ye)企業(ye)(ye)提供集聚發(fa)展(zhan)的平臺。江西省德興(xing)市投資(zi)(zi)8億元建成了占(zhan)地(di)505畝的返(fan)(fan)鄉創(chuang)(chuang)業(ye)(ye)示范基(ji)(ji)地(di)，建設(she)了40多萬平方(fang)米(mi)的標準廠(chang)房(fang)及配套設(she)施(shi)，以最低廉的價格(ge)出租(zu)給(gei)返(fan)(fan)鄉創(chuang)(chuang)業(ye)(ye)企業(ye)(ye)，企業(ye)(ye)僅需投資(zi)(zi)生產設(she)備就可以入(ru)駐，投資(zi)(zi)周(zhou)期大大縮短。安(an)徽省太湖(hu)縣建設(she)了占(zhan)地(di)47.7畝新倉鎮農(nong)(nong)民工(gong)返(fan)(fan)鄉創(chuang)(chuang)業(ye)(ye)園，采取“財政補一(yi)點(dian)(dian)、稅收補一(yi)點(dian)(dian)、金(jin)融機構貸(dai)一(yi)點(dian)(dian)、規費減一(yi)點(dian)(dian)、職(zhi)能部門幫一(yi)點(dian)(dian)”的方(fang)式支持農(nong)(nong)民工(gong)進駐園區經營(ying)。
三、著力解決“痛點”“難點”問題
聚焦融資難(nan)(nan)、用地難(nan)(nan)、引(yin)才(cai)難(nan)(nan)等(deng)返(fan)鄉(xiang)創(chuang)業面臨的(de)“痛點”“難(nan)(nan)點”問題，因(yin)地制宜制定政策舉措，強化返(fan)鄉(xiang)創(chuang)業要素支(zhi)持。
（六）緩解融(rong)資(zi)(zi)難問題。各地紛紛通過創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新信貸(dai)(dai)(dai)政策、開(kai)發(fa)(fa)返(fan)(fan)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)業(ye)(ye)金(jin)融(rong)產品、擴(kuo)大直接融(rong)資(zi)(zi)渠道(dao)等舉措，緩解返(fan)(fan)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)業(ye)(ye)融(rong)資(zi)(zi)難問題。國(guo)家(jia)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)改革委會(hui)同(tong)國(guo)家(jia)開(kai)發(fa)(fa)銀(yin)行(xing)、農業(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)銀(yin)行(xing)搭建“政銀(yin)企(qi)”合作(zuo)平臺，設(she)立返(fan)(fan)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)業(ye)(ye)專(zhuan)項貸(dai)(dai)(dai)款，擴(kuo)大返(fan)(fan)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)業(ye)(ye)金(jin)融(rong)供給(gei)，重(zhong)點(dian)支(zhi)持農產品開(kai)發(fa)(fa)、龍頭企(qi)業(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)和園(yuan)區基礎設(she)施建設(she)。河(he)南省設(she)立總規模100億元的(de)農民工返(fan)(fan)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)業(ye)(ye)投資(zi)(zi)基金(jin)，通過撬(qiao)動社會(hui)資(zi)(zi)本(ben)加(jia)大對(dui)初創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)型返(fan)(fan)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)業(ye)(ye)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)的(de)支(zhi)持力(li)度。江西省贛州市南康區以(yi)縣域金(jin)融(rong)改革創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新試點(dian)為抓(zhua)手，引導區內銀(yin)行(xing)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新推(tui)出(chu)“產業(ye)(ye)升(sheng)級貸(dai)(dai)(dai)”“品牌貸(dai)(dai)(dai)”等50個金(jin)融(rong)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新產品，發(fa)(fa)行(xing)“雙創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)債(zhai)”，支(zhi)持返(fan)(fan)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)業(ye)(ye)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)融(rong)資(zi)(zi)。甘肅省高臺縣引入社會(hui)資(zi)(zi)本(ben)出(chu)資(zi)(zi)，設(she)立“弱水三千創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)業(ye)(ye)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新基金(jin)”，對(dui)種子期返(fan)(fan)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)業(ye)(ye)項目進(jin)行(xing)天(tian)使投資(zi)(zi)。四川省邛崍市引入保(bao)險(xian)公司開(kai)發(fa)(fa)農村(cun)土地流(liu)轉履約保(bao)證(zheng)保(bao)險(xian)產品，降低返(fan)(fan)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)業(ye)(ye)項目風(feng)險(xian)。
（七）保障返(fan)(fan)(fan)鄉(xiang)(xiang)創(chuang)業(ye)用(yong)(yong)(yong)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。部分試點地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區通(tong)過(guo)擴大增量、盤活(huo)存量、創(chuang)新(xin)供(gong)(gong)(gong)應方式，有效(xiao)(xiao)滿足(zu)了(le)返(fan)(fan)(fan)鄉(xiang)(xiang)創(chuang)業(ye)用(yong)(yong)(yong)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)需求，經驗值得復制推廣。山(shan)西省(sheng)嵐縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)首次將(jiang)返(fan)(fan)(fan)鄉(xiang)(xiang)人(ren)員創(chuang)業(ye)用(yong)(yong)(yong)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)納入城(cheng)鄉(xiang)(xiang)發展規劃、新(xin)農村建設總體規劃和村鎮建設規劃統籌(chou)安(an)排，優先(xian)(xian)保障返(fan)(fan)(fan)鄉(xiang)(xiang)創(chuang)業(ye)用(yong)(yong)(yong)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。云南省(sheng)南華(hua)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)在全省(sheng)范(fan)圍(wei)內率先(xian)(xian)將(jiang)政(zheng)府公租房(fang)提供(gong)(gong)(gong)給創(chuang)業(ye)積極性(xing)較高的(de)(de)返(fan)(fan)(fan)鄉(xiang)(xiang)農民工作為(wei)經營用(yong)(yong)(yong)房(fang)。安(an)徽(hui)省(sheng)泗(si)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)在未(wei)新(xin)增用(yong)(yong)(yong)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)指標(biao)的(de)(de)前(qian)提下(xia)，將(jiang)原(yuan)“僵尸”企(qi)業(ye)用(yong)(yong)(yong)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)和廠房(fang)改造用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)支持(chi)返(fan)(fan)(fan)鄉(xiang)(xiang)創(chuang)業(ye)。山(shan)東省(sheng)沂南縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)通(tong)過(guo)盤活(huo)老廠區低效(xiao)(xiao)閑置(zhi)土地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)，優先(xian)(xian)用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)返(fan)(fan)(fan)鄉(xiang)(xiang)創(chuang)業(ye)。四川省(sheng)仁(ren)壽縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)通(tong)過(guo)工業(ye)用(yong)(yong)(yong)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)彈性(xing)年期(qi)出讓、長期(qi)租賃、先(xian)(xian)租后讓、租讓結合等(deng)土地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)供(gong)(gong)(gong)應方式，降低返(fan)(fan)(fan)鄉(xiang)(xiang)創(chuang)業(ye)用(yong)(yong)(yong)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)一次性(xing)支出成(cheng)本。
（八）注(zhu)重引(yin)(yin)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)留(liu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。建(jian)立完善人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)培(pei)育(yu)、引(yin)(yin)進(jin)(jin)(jin)、保障、激勵(li)政策體系(xi)，積極吸(xi)引(yin)(yin)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)、留(liu)住人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)。重慶市永川區建(jian)立返(fan)(fan)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)項(xiang)目庫，收錄農(nong)村實用(yong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)，采用(yong)分類對接、重點(dian)跟蹤的方式(shi)，以鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)情和資(zi)源等(deng)優(you)勢(shi)吸(xi)引(yin)(yin)他(ta)們返(fan)(fan)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)創業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，同時出臺(tai)了“英才(cai)培(pei)育(yu)引(yin)(yin)進(jin)(jin)(jin)16條(tiao)”等(deng)激勵(li)政策，為返(fan)(fan)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)引(yin)(yin)進(jin)(jin)(jin)培(pei)育(yu)提供“綠(lv)色通道(dao)”、解決后顧之憂。四川省(sheng)宜賓市實施“杰(jie)出創業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)培(pei)育(yu)計(ji)劃”，對大學生、科技(ji)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)等(deng)返(fan)(fan)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)創業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)給予(yu)培(pei)育(yu)扶持資(zi)金，對急需引(yin)(yin)進(jin)(jin)(jin)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)開展(zhan)高科技(ji)含量返(fan)(fan)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)創業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)項(xiang)目給予(yu)補貼。陜西省(sheng)充分發揮楊凌農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)高新技(ji)術產業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)示范區輻(fu)射作用(yong)，依托(tuo)各類技(ji)術院校(xiao)教學平臺(tai)，定向培(pei)養(yang)返(fan)(fan)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)創業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)高端人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)。安徽省(sheng)濉溪縣(xian)建(jian)立了“農(nong)民創業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)星火人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)庫”，對創業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)成效突出的返(fan)(fan)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)創業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行跟蹤培(pei)養(yang)，及時吸(xi)收進(jin)(jin)(jin)黨員(yuan)和村“兩委”隊伍。
（九）優化(hua)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)業(ye)(ye)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)。深入推(tui)進(jin)“放(fang)管(guan)服(fu)(fu)”改革，強化(hua)政(zheng)府職能(neng)，健全(quan)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)機(ji)(ji)制，為(wei)(wei)返(fan)鄉(xiang)(xiang)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)業(ye)(ye)提(ti)(ti)供(gong)(gong)(gong)強有力(li)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)保障，營造良好的(de)返(fan)鄉(xiang)(xiang)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)業(ye)(ye)營商(shang)環境。江(jiang)蘇省金湖縣(xian)推(tui)行返(fan)鄉(xiang)(xiang)農民工本土創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)業(ye)(ye)準入“無門檻(jian)”、服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)“零收費”、注資“分(fen)(fen)步走”、場所“無限制”改革，率先(xian)上線“多評(ping)合一(yi)”網上服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)平(ping)(ping)臺，為(wei)(wei)農民工等人員返(fan)鄉(xiang)(xiang)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)業(ye)(ye)提(ti)(ti)供(gong)(gong)(gong)全(quan)程代(dai)辦服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)。四川省宜(yi)賓(bin)市(shi)敘州區創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新設立“1+N”返(fan)鄉(xiang)(xiang)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)業(ye)(ye)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)平(ping)(ping)臺，即1個(ge)縣(xian)級(ji)加多個(ge)鄉(xiang)(xiang)鎮服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)平(ping)(ping)臺，平(ping)(ping)臺之間網絡互(hu)通、資源共享，為(wei)(wei)返(fan)鄉(xiang)(xiang)人員提(ti)(ti)供(gong)(gong)(gong)遠(yuan)程在線服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)。江(jiang)西省鷹潭市(shi)成立了(le)返(fan)鄉(xiang)(xiang)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)業(ye)(ye)項(xiang)(xiang)目評(ping)審組，實施一(yi)名(ming)干部聯系一(yi)個(ge)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)業(ye)(ye)項(xiang)(xiang)目的(de)“一(yi)對(dui)一(yi)”幫扶指(zhi)導，為(wei)(wei)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)業(ye)(ye)者提(ti)(ti)供(gong)(gong)(gong)政(zheng)策咨詢(xun)、項(xiang)(xiang)目推(tui)介、開(kai)(kai)業(ye)(ye)指(zhi)導、創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)業(ye)(ye)培訓(xun)等服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)。江(jiang)西省于都縣(xian)建(jian)立“店小二”機(ji)(ji)制，確保每(mei)家返(fan)鄉(xiang)(xiang)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)業(ye)(ye)企業(ye)(ye)有一(yi)名(ming)掛點(dian)縣(xian)領導、一(yi)個(ge)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)單(dan)位、一(yi)名(ming)具(ju)體負責人提(ti)(ti)供(gong)(gong)(gong)點(dian)對(dui)點(dian)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)，幫助企業(ye)(ye)解決項(xiang)(xiang)目落地各個(ge)階段的(de)各種困難。安(an)徽省金寨縣(xian)根(gen)據(ju)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)業(ye)(ye)者需求(qiu)列出技(ji)能(neng)“培訓(xun)菜單(dan)”，依托當地技(ji)師學院大(da)力(li)培訓(xun)返(fan)鄉(xiang)(xiang)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)業(ye)(ye)人員。河南省新蔡縣(xian)運(yun)用(yong)政(zheng)府購買(mai)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)機(ji)(ji)制，引入專業(ye)(ye)化(hua)市(shi)場中介服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)機(ji)(ji)構，提(ti)(ti)供(gong)(gong)(gong)市(shi)場分(fen)(fen)析、管(guan)理輔(fu)導等深度服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)，幫助初創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)期企業(ye)(ye)改善管(guan)理、開(kai)(kai)拓市(shi)場。
各地要認(ren)真學(xue)習(xi)借鑒并應用典型經(jing)驗。國家結(jie)合新型城鎮化開(kai)展支持農(nong)民工等人員返(fan)鄉創業(ye)(ye)試點已到期，試點工作到此(ci)結(jie)束，相關文件同時廢止。同時，鼓(gu)勵(li)這些(xie)地區繼續探(tan)索創新，不斷推(tui)出有效的改革舉(ju)措(cuo)，推(tui)動(dong)返(fan)鄉創業(ye)(ye)工作再上新臺階。
國(guo)家發展改革(ge)委(wei)辦公廳
2021年9月(yue)15日
